Anal cancer isn’t very common compared to colon cancer or breast cancer, but about 11,000 Americans are diagnosed with it each year.
If you or a loved one recently learned you have anal cancer, it’s normal to wonder whether your family history played a role.
At his practice in Los Angeles and Glendale, California, board-certified colon and rectal surgeon Robert G. Yavrouian, MD, specializes in diagnosing and treating anal cancer. Here, he looks at the link between genetics and anal cancer and outlines some of the common risk factors.
Although there’s no way to prevent anal cancer altogether, you can take steps to protect your colorectal health and reduce the likelihood of a diagnosis.
Research shows that about 5% to 10% of all cancers are hereditary, meaning they’re caused by defects passed down in the genes. The other 90% to 95% of cases are “sporadic,” resulting from lifestyle or environmental factors.
Certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer, are more likely to be caused by genetics. For example, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are well known to increase cancer risk. But anal cancer is different in that there’s rarely a hereditary component. That means that even if one of your parents or siblings develops it, your risk isn’t necessarily higher.
Anal cancer develops when the cells of the anus undergo changes that affect their DNA. These changes can cause the cells to grow and divide rapidly, forming a mass called a tumor. Without treatment, cells from the tumor can break away and spread to other parts of the body, leading to metastatic cancer.
This may sound frightening, but the good news is that anal cancer is largely preventable. It’s most commonly caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Many people have HPV and experience no symptoms, but in some cases, the virus causes cellular changes that may result in cancer.
Over the last decade, there have been numerous advances in HPV prevention, including vaccination and screening, so it’s easier than ever to reduce your risk.
The best way to prevent anal cancer is to be aware of your personal risk factors. You’re more likely to develop the disease if you have:
Certain habits, like smoking cigarettes, may also increase your risk, since smokers are more likely to develop cancer.
If you have any of the above risk factors, preventive actions can help protect your health and reduce your risk. We recommend quitting tobacco, practicing safe sex, and getting the HPV vaccine if you qualify.
While these actions won’t necessarily guarantee you stay cancer-free, they can go a long way toward supporting your overall health and providing peace of mind.
If you’re concerned about your risk of anal cancer, the best way to protect yourself is through appropriate screening and preventive measures. After reviewing your health history, performing a physical exam, and ordering any necessary testing, we can develop a plan that aligns with your needs and risk level.
To schedule your appointment today, call the nearest office or book online with Robert G. Yavrouian, MD.
